Is Adderall equivalent to Vyvanse? (+3 differences)
By
Ivan Kahwa
Author bio
Mr Ivan Kahwa is a chemist and phytopharmaceutical scientist with expertise in chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and Nanobiotechnology. He writes and reviews content on these topics.
Mr Ivan Kahwa’s Highlights:
Guest Researcher at the University of Leipzig, Senior Research Fellow/Scientist, and Lecturer at the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
Professional Experience:
Mr Ivan joined PHARMBIOTRAC as a research fellow/scientist during his master of science tenure. He contributed to the development of most of the phytopharmaceutical products in the project. Furthermore, he participated in carrying out the pharmacological activities of the developed products in laboratory animals such as mice and rats in order to develop proper doses hence leading to pre-clinical studies.
With the above relevant research experience, Ivan started to work with the University of Leipzig on collaborative projects with Mbarara University to develop the chemistry of Ugandan Medicinal plants and their pharmacological activities. This was coupled with several consultative positions by different German NGOs. Mr. Kahwa is also a supporting in the teaching and learning at the Departments of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
With the increase in antimicrobial resistance globally, Ivan retooled his thinking towards developing new naturally derived antibiotic regimens from Ugandan propolis with the assistance of nanotechnology to improve their delivery to microbial cells. Kahwa has also published over 28 articles in peer-reviewed journals and he is currently reviewing for many journals.
Education:
2023-2027: PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences (ongoing) with a focus on Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Nanobiology at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
2022: 2Msc. in Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine Science at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
2018: Bachelor of Science (Chemistry) at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
Publications:
▪ Iqbal, S., Jabeen, F., Kahwa, I., & Omara, T. 2023. Suberosin Alleviates Thiazolidinedione-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Modulation of ACSL4-LPCAT3 and PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathways. Cardiovascular Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-023-09804-7
▪ Gupta, A. K., Yadav, R., Sharma, S., Sawale, J., & Kahwa, I. 2023. Anti-ageing Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extracts of Leaves and Flowers of Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 15(3), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2023.15.60
▪ Tolo, C.U., Kahwa, I., Nuwagira, U., Weisheit, A. and Ikiriza, H., 2023. Medicinal plants used in treatment of various diseases in the Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, pp.1-16.
https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/4683
▪ Kahwa, I., Ajayi, C.O., Yadav, R., Chauhan, N.S., Shah, K., Abdelgadir, A.A., Shegena, E.A., Daniel, S., Omara, T., Asiimwe, J.B. and Ikiriza, H., 2023. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies as an invaluable approach for correct identification of medicinal plants: The case of Artemisia vulgaris L. substituted for Artemisia annua L. in Western Uganda. TMR Integr Med, 7, p.e23004.
https://doi.org/10.53388/TMRIM202307004
▪ Nalimu, F., Oloro, J., Kahwa, I. and Ogwang, P.E., 2021. Review on the phytochemistry and toxicological profiles of Aloe vera and Aloe ferox. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, pp.1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00296-2
▪ Elamin, O.H.S., Ali, M.A., Elgezuli, I.A.A., Bashir, M.A. and Kahwa, I., 2021. Diagnosis of pre-and post-treatment of echinococcus granulosus with counter current immune electrophoresis and bacterial co-agglutination. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 11(02), pp.88-94.
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.951600
Published book Chapter
▪ Kahwa, I., Ayesiga, I., Nakalema, S., Alinaiswe, R., Mbabazi, R. and Iqbal, S., 2023. Natural products in the management of onchocerciasis. In Natural Products in Vector-Borne Disease Management (pp. 63-80). Academic Press. Book Chapter.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91942-5.00012-4
Submitted manuscripts Under Review:
▪ Comparison of the Wound Healing Activity of the Leaf and Leaf Ash Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in Rats. Journal name: Clinical Phytoscience
▪ Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal plants used in the management of cancer in Uganda. Journal name: Journal of Herbal Medicine
▪ Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical screening of medicinal plants used in treatment of epilepsy by PROMETRA-Uganda Traditional Health Practitioners in Mpigi District, Uganda. Journal name: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Submitted book chapters under review
1.Book title: Algae as a Natural Solution for Water-Food-Energy Nexus, Section 4: Microalgae and cyanobacteria for food applications, Chapter 4.6: Safety, toxicological and allergenic aspects of using algae for food. Authors: Christine Kyarimpa, Tom Omute, Caroline K. Nakiguli, Alice V. Khanakwa4, Christopher Angiro, Ivan Kahwa, Fortunate Ahumuza, Timothy Omara*. Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore.
2.Book title: Nutraceuticals Inspiring the Contemporary Therapy for Lifestyle Diseases. Chapter: Nutraceutical applications of Seaweeds and their Phytocompounds in Nutrition and Treatment of Diseases. Authors: Ivan Kahwa, Timothy Omara , Innocent Ayesiga , Gael Noel Neh Neba Ambe , Zehbanaz Javidbhai Panwala , Rachel Mbabazi , Shabnoor Iqbal , Christine Kyarimpa , Christine Betty Nagawa , Kamal Shah ,Nagendra Singh Chauhan* Publisher: CRC Press
You can view my works on the following professional sites:
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivan-Kahwa
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tOwrvqoAAAAJ&hl=en
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-3437
Linkedin: https://de.linkedin.com/in/ivan-kahwa-865450159
In this article, we will explore whether Adderall is equivalent to Vyvanse, What are the similarities between these two drugs, what are the differences between these two drugs, and what factors are to be considered in order to select one of these medications for the treatment of a patient.
Is Adderall equivalent to Vyvanse?
No, Adderall is not equivalent to Vyvanse. Both these drugs are stimulants and can be used to treat attention deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD) but they have different active ingredients and work in different ways (1) (2). Adderall and Vyvanse have different chemical compositions, formulations, onset, durations of action and side effect profiles.
Understanding the nuanced distinction and shared characteristics between Adderall and Vyvanse is pivotal in making informed decisions regarding treatment options.
The choice to take whether Adderall or Vyvanse should be made on an individual basis, taking into account factors such as severity of symptoms, side effects and personal preferences. It is important to talk to a doctor to determine which medication is right for you.
What are the similarities between Adderall and Vyvanse?
Adderall as well as Vyvanse increases the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. The neurotransmitters involved include dopamine and norepinephrine. These are responsible for impulse control, improved concentration and focus. Here are some of the other similarities between the two drugs.
Chemical composition
Both Adderall and Vyvanse are derivatives of amphetamines. Adderall contains dextroamphetamine and amphetamine (3). Vyvanse is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine meaning it is converted into dextroamphetamine in the body (4).
Mechanism of action: Both Adderall and Vyvanse belong to the class of stimulants. They increase the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the brain (5). Dopamine and norepinephrine are responsible for increased focus, concentration and impulse control.
Efficacy: In addition to Adderall, Vyvanse is also used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. Both these treatment strategies can help a patient with ADHD to improve attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity (4) (6).
Side effects: Adderall and Vyvanse are stimulant medications. Some of their side effects are due to the stimulant actions of these drugs. These include increased heart rate, decreased appetite, trouble sleeping and mood changes (7). Additionally, Vyvanse may cause nausea, fatigue, and constipation that sometimes are also associated with Adderall but might be less commonly reported.
Abuse potential: Both the medications have potential for abuse. They are controlled substances belonging to Schedule II. This means that they can cause dependence (8).
What are the differences between Adderall and Vyvanse?
Adderall and Vyvanse have a significant list of differences between them. Some of the most important differences are mentioned below.
Active ingredient: Adderall contains amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Whereas Vyvanse contains lisdexamfetamine. This is metabolically converted to dextroamphetamine to show its therapeutic effects.
Formulation: Adderall is available in immediate-release (IR) and extended-release (XR) formulations providing effects that typically last about 4-6 hours for IR or up to 12 hours for XR formulation (9) (10).
Vyvanse is designed as a prodrug that requires metabolic activation resulting in a longer and smoother duration of action lasting up to 12-14 hours (4).
Metabolism: Adderall is metabolized directly into its active components in the body and starts acting more rapidly. Whereas Vyvanse needs an enzymatic breakdown in the body before becoming active leading to a slower onset of action.
Side effects: Adderall is generally considered to have more side effects than Vyvanse. Adderall is also more likely to cause rebound effects. The use of Adderall can cause increased heart rate, anxiety and changes in blood pressure (11).
Abuse potential: Adderall is considered to have higher abuse potential than Vyvanse (12). This is because the effects of Adderall are rapid and this intense surge of effects makes it more addictive.
How to choose between Adderall and Vyvanse?
Choosing between Adderall and Vyvanse which are carefully considered by your healthcare provider before prescribing either of these medications to the patient. The considerations include:
Individual response and tolerance
People react differently to medications. Some individuals may respond better to one medication over the other in terms of effectiveness and tolerability. If one medication has been tried before and caused intolerable side effects. it might be worth exploring the other options.
Duration of effects needed
Consider the desired duration of action. Adderall offers both extended-release and immediate-release formulations with effects lasting several hours while Vyvanse provides a long duration of action due to its extended-release nature.
Metabolic and physiological factors
Factors such as metabolic rate, liver functions and individual differences in how the body processes medications can influence the choice. Vyvanse being a prodrug requires enzymatic conversion, and might be preferred by individuals who want a smoother onset and longer duration of action.
Previous medication history
If a person has experienced adverse effects as a result of a specific medication in the past should not be prescribed the same drug again and an alternate medication should be suggested.
Potential side effects
Each medication has its own set of side effects. Adderall and Vyvanse might differ in terms of side effects experienced, so weighing the potential side effect profile against the desired outcome is crucial.
Convenience and compliance
Consider the dosing frequency and convenience. Vyvanse is usually taken once daily due to its extended-release nature. While Adderall might require multiple doses throughout the day, depending on the formulation.
Cost and insurance coverage
Insurance coverage and cost might also influence the decision, especially considering that the generic form of Adderall might be more readily available and cost-effective as compared to Vyvanse.
Ultimately, the decision should be made with the detailed consultation of a professional and experienced healthcare provider after a careful examination and evaluation of the patient’s condition.
Final words
In my opinion, Adderall and Vyvase are both stimulant medications used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD and no one drug is better than the other. Both these drugs have similar therapeutic actions but also have a variety of differences between them. This influences the decision of a healthcare provider to select one of these two medications to prescribe to a patient with ADHD or narcolepsy.
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References
1.-
Goodman D. W. (2010). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (vyvanse), a prodrug stimulant for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 35(5), 273–287.
2.-
Shoar, N. S. (2023, May 23). Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine. StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507808/
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Lakhan, S. E., & Kirchgessner, A. (2012). Prescription stimulants in individuals with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: misuse, cognitive impact, and adverse effects. Brain and behavior, 2(5), 661–677. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.78
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Vyvanse, package insert. Wayne, Pa: Shire US Inc.; Dec, 2009. [Google Scholar]
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Adderall XR, package insert. Wayne, Pa: Shire US Inc.; Mar, 2010. [Google Scholar]
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Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Abuse. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2004. Monitoring the future: national survey results on drug use, 1975–2003; pp. 10–12. in NIoD, ed. [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
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Chen LY, Crum RM, Strain EC, Alexander GC, Kaufmann C, Mojtabai R. Prescriptions, nonmedical use, and emergency department visits involving prescription stimulants. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;77(3):e297-304. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
11.-
Complete Guide to Prescription & Nonprescription Drugs 2018-2019. (n.d.). Google Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=nBYcDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Complete+Guide+to+Prescription+%26+Nonprescription+Drugs,+2018-2019&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjm0sWOre7YAhUSgK0KHUz9Bx4Q6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=Complete%20Guide%20to%20Prescription%20%26%20Nonp&f=false
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Adderall vs. Vyvanse: What’s the Difference? (2023, June 29). American Addiction Centers. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/adderall/vs-vyvanse
