How does Sertraline work? (5+ uses)

In this article, we will discuss how Sertraline works, its uses, dosage recommendations, how long it takes to start working, precautions to take while using Sertraline, and the associated side effects.   

How does Sertraline work?

Sertraline works by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin (a neurotransmitter) in the brain, which in turn increases serotonin levels. Depressed patients often have low serotonin levels, so antidepressants like Sertraline increase serotonin levels and improve their mood. 

What are the uses of Sertraline?

Sertraline (Zoloft), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of the following conditions(1):  

• Major depressive disorder (MDD) (3)
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
• Social anxiety disorder (SAD)
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
• Panic disorder (PD)
• Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Sertraline is effective in both short-term and long-term treatments of these aforementioned conditions(5). 

Dosage recommendations for Sertraline

Sertraline is prescribed in the following doses for various conditions:

• MDD: 50mg to 200mg per day (4)
• OCD: 25mg to 200mg per day 
• SAD, PD, PTSD: 25mg to 200mg per day 
• PMDD: 50mg to 100mg per day (during the luteal phase only)

Sertraline (Zoloft) is available in tablet form (25mg, 50mg, 100mg) and an oral solution(1). Sertraline is taken once a day; if it makes you energetic, take it in the morning; if it makes you sleepy, take it at night. 

Before taking an oral solution, dilute it as guided by your doctor and consume it immediately after mixing. If you do not respond well to the prescribed dose, your doctor may increase it by 25mg to 50mg once a week. 

How long does Sertraline take to start working?

Sertraline may take around 4-6 weeks to begin working, and for some patients, it may take more than 6 weeks to show its full therapeutic benefits.

The time Sertraline takes to start working depends on a few factors such as your age, strength of medicine, dosage regime, tolerance level, and the intensity of your symptoms(2). Most patients begin to experience the effects of Sertraline after 6-8 weeks.

This may include reduced feelings of depression and anxiety, increased energy and motivation, as well as improvements in sleep and appetite. These changes indicate a positive response to the antidepressant(6). 

Who should not use Sertraline?

You should not use Sertraline if you are:

• Hypersensitive to Sertraline (Zoloft)
• Taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MOAI) antidepressants
• Using Pimozide (Orap) an antipsychotic drug, it may cause serious heart problems
• Taking Disulfiram (Antabuse), while using an oral solution of Sertraline (Zoloft). It may cause a Disulfiram-alcohol reaction(1,2). 

What are the side effects of using Sertraline?

Some common side effects may also occur while using Sertraline. However, everyone will not experience these side effects. If any of these side effects do not fade away as your body adjusts or if they become severe, please inform your doctor. 

• Constipation or diarrhoea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Heartburn
• Insomnia
• Changes in appetite/weight
• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Sweating 
• Sex-related problems in both men and women 

Serious side effects, though uncommon, may occur while taking Sertraline, especially at higher doses and for longer durations. Seek medical attention if you experience: 

• Unusual bleeding 
• Seizures 
• Loss of concentration
• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling

However, it is important to note that not everyone is susceptible to all side effects. 

What are the precautions while taking Sertraline?

While using Sertraline, follow these precautions:

• Take Sertraline at the same time each day.
• You should not skip or forget a single dose. If you forget, consume it as soon as you remember it. 
• Do not take an extra dose to compensate for the missed one.
• Be cautious while driving, as Sertraline may make you drowsy.
• Inform your doctor if you are using any other medicines or supplements or if you have any underlying health conditions.
• Do not discontinue Sertraline without consulting your doctor.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed how Sertraline works, its various medical uses, recommended dosage ranges, and a few important things for its safe and effective use. 

We have also talked about the timeline of Sertraline which is usually 4-6 weeks to show its complete therapeutic benefits. You should inform your doctor if you are taking any other medicines or have a medical history before using Sertraline. 

References