Does Prozac help with jealousy? (+3 evidences)
By
Dr Maryam Shabbir (PhD)
| Reviewed by
Ivan Kahwa
The contents of this article are fact-based except otherwise stated within the article.
Author bio
Dr Maryam Shabbir PhD is a pharmacist with expertise in drugs delivery, pharmacology, dosage form design, transdermal drug delivery system, microneedles, and solubility enhancement. She writes and reviews content on these topics.
Dr Maryam Shabbir’s Highlights:
Assistant Professor at The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
PhD in Pharmaceutics with a focus on solubility enhancement of BCS class II and III drugs and their delivery through transdermal route using microneedles.
Doctor of Pharmacy at the University of Lahore with a two-year scholarship.
Professional Experience:
Dr Maryam Shabbir joined Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore as soon as she completed her Pharm-D in 2010. In 2017, she got promoted as an assistant professor.
Dr Maryam Shabbir has supervised twenty two M.Phil. students in pharmaceutics in areas such as transdermal drug delivery system, nanoparticles, microparticle, solid dispersion, and transdermal patches.
Dr Maryam Shabbir has also contributed to several business consultancies and research projects, including the development of lyophilized wafer of Acyclovir with Medisearch Pharmacal Pvt. Ltd., a major pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan.She has also worked as a team member in one of the Contract Research Organizations of Pakistan.
Dr Maryam Shabbir has organized two International conferences and three national conferences as conference secretary for the University of Lahore in collaboration with Punjab Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Dr Maryam Shabbir has submitted two patents to the Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan (IPO), and three patents are in pipeline. She has also presented her work in different exhibitions organized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. She works in close liaison with the Innovation Hub, University of Lahore, Pakistan.
Dr Maryam Shabbir participated as a member of the examination board for several Master’s exams and as an external examiner for Pharm-D in reputable universities of Pakistan. She is also a member of Punjab Pharmacy Council and Pakistan Pharmacist Association.
Education:
2010 Pharm D at the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
2013 Master of Philosophy (Pharmaceutics) at the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
2022 PhD (Pharmaceutics) at the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
The main publications of Dr. Maryam Shabbir are:
Saeed S, Barkat K, Ashraf MU, Shabbir M, Anjum I, Badshah SF, et al. Flexible Topical Hydrogel Patch Loaded with Antimicrobial Drug for Accelerated Wound Healing. Gels. 2023;9(7):567.
Arshad J, Barkat K, Ashraf MU, Badshah SF, Ahmad Z, Anjum I, Shabbir M, et al. Preparation and characterization of polymeric cross-linked hydrogel patch for topical delivery of gentamicin. e-Polymers. 2023;23(1):20230045.
Arshad J, Barkat K, Ashraf MU, Badshah SF, Ahmad Z, Anjum I, Shabbir M, Mehmood Y, Khalid I, Malik NS, Bin Jardan YAl. Fabrication of pH responsive hydrogel blends of chondroitin sulfate/pluronic F-127 for the controlled release of ketorolac: its characterization and acute oral toxicity study. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2022;48(11):611-22.
Maher S, Shabbir M, Anam I, Khan N, Iqbal S, Saleem F. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of methanolic extract of medicinal plants from Balochistan. Int J Biol Biotechnol. 2020;15:691-7.
Shabbir M, Sajid A, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Raza M, et al. Influence of different formulation variables on the performance of transdermal drug delivery system containing tizanidine hydrochloride: in vitro and ex vivo evaluations. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;54:e00130.
Nagra U, Adnan S, Shafqat S, Shabbir M, Ali S, Zafar A, et al. Effect of Sustained Release Polymers on Drug Release Profile of Aceclofenac Tablets Physicochemical Properties, Analysis of Kinetics and Fit Factor. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2019;53:58-65.
Fatima S, Akhtar MF, Ashraf KM, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Peerzada S, Shabbir M, Ali S, Ashraf W, Antioxidant and alpha amylase inhibitory activities of Fumaria officinalis and its antidiabetic potential against alloxan induced diabetes. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France). 2019;65(2):50-7.
Saeed S, Raza M, Shabbir M, Akhtar MF, Sharif A, Zaman M, et al. Study of Multi-Drug Resistance Associated with Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment by DOT Implementation Strategy in Pakistan. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 2018;14:107-12.
Arshad I, Ali S, Amin U, Shabbir M, Raza M, Sharif A, et al. Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer on the release of ketoprofen and allopurinol from bilayer matrix transdermal patch. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2018;37(8):3076-83.
Sohail K, Javaid Z, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Raza M, Ali S, Shabbir M, Peerzada S, Ahmad S. Formulation and evaluation of ranitidine floating tablets using different polymer combinations. Journal of Toxicological &Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017;1(1):18-25.
Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A, Manan M, Shabbir M, et al. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of whole plant extracts of Kalanchoe laciniata by Ames and MTT assay. EXCLI journal. 2017;16:593.
Shahid N, Adnan S, Farooq M, Ali S, Shabbir M, Masood Z, et al. Development of compressed coated polypill with mucoadhesive core comprising of atorvastatin/clopidogrel/aspirin using compression coating technique. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica. 2017;74(2):477-87.
Shabbir M, Fazli AR, Ali S, Raza M, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, et al. Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer on in vitro dissolution and permeation of bisoprolol fumarate through transdermal patch. Acta Pol Pharm. 2017;74:187-97.
Saba Mazhar NS, Raza M, Akhtar B, Zahra A, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Chishti SA, Shabbir M, Sharif A. A descriptive study of Measles outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan in 2013. J Toxicol Pharmaceut Sci. 2017;1(1):26-30.
Manzoor I, Raza M, Shabbir M, Ali S, Akhtar MF, Peerzada S, et al. Formulation and characterization of curcumin nanoparticles prepared from eudragit L-100 and poly vinyl alcohol as polymer. J Toxicol Pharmaceut Sci. 2017;1(1):7-12.
Akhtar MF, Sharif A, Saleem M, Saleem A, Akhtar B, Raza M, Ijaz H, Shabbir M, Ali S, Nasim MB, Peerzada S. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, an important ethno-medicinal plant. Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2017;63(8):109-14.
Ahmed S, Saeed-Ul-Hassan S, Islam M, Qureshi F, Waheed I, Munawar I, Ishtiaq S, Rasool S, Akhtar MF, Chishti SA, Shabbir M. Anti-oxidant activity of Pistachia khinjuk supported by phytochemical investigation. Acta Pol Pharm. 2017;74(1):173-8.
Shahid N, Ali S, Shabbir M, Waqar K. Compressed coated polypill with mucoadhesive core for cardiovascular disease-A review. The Pharma Innovation. 2016;4(3, Part B).
Shabbir M, Ali S, Farooq M, Adnan S, Yousaf M, Idrees A, et al. Formulation factors affecting in vitro and ex vivo permeation of bisoprolol fumarate from a matrix transdermal patch. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2016;35(3):237-47.
Mehmood A, Hamid I, Sharif A, Akhtar MF, Akhtar B, Saleem A, Shabbir M, et al. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. In animal models. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica. 2016;73(6):1601-8.
Ali S, Shabbir M, Shahid N, Amin U, Hamid I, Raza M. Effect of Polysorbate 80 Through Rabbit’s Skin Using Transdermal Patch Loaded with Bisoprolol Fumarate as Model Drug. Pakistan J Zool. 2016;48(1):227-34.
Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Sharif A, Akhtar B, Nasim MB, Peerzada S, Raza M, Ijaz H, Ahmed S, Shabbir M, Ali S. Genotoxic and cytotoxic action potential of Terminalia citrina, a medicinal plant of ethnopharmacological significance. EXCLI journal. 2016;15:589.
Ali S, Shabbir M, Shahid N. The Structure of Skin and Transdermal Drug Delivery System-A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2015;8(2):103-9.
Shabbir M, Ali S, Shahid N, Rehman K, Amin U, Raza M. Formulation considerations and factors affecting transdermal drug delivery system-A review. International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Life Sciences. 2014;2(9):20-35.
Ali S, Shabbir M, Farooq M, Adnan S, Shahid N. The enhancement effect of permeation enhancers on Bisoprolol fumarate across animal membrane using Franz diffusion cell. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2014;7(12):1391-5.
Conference papers
Shabbir M (2022), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Policy Gap between Health and Pharmaceutical Industry. In International Social Science Conference 2022 (School of International Social Sciences, University of Lahore).
Shabbir M (2022), Controlling Permeation of Ketoprofen and Allopurinol through Bilayer Transdermal Patch using Multiple Pharmaceutical Ingredients. In Current Advancement in Pharmacy Practice (CAPP)- Theory to Practice (University of Lahore, Lahore)
Shabbir M (2018), Nanocarriers Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Different Cancers. In the 4th Annual International Pharmacy Scientific Symposium and Poster Exhibition-2018 (University of Central Punjab, Lahore).
Shabbir M (2018), Lipid Enveloped Polymeric Nanoparticles for Targeted Photodynamic Chemotherapy. In the 3rd International Health Trigon Summit-2018 (University of Lahore).
You can view some of Dr Maryam’s work below and links to her professional profile.
Publon Profile: publons.com/researcher/1495244/maryam-shabbir
ORCID: 0000-0002-9308-5175
Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maryam-Shabbir-4
Google Scholar: Maryam Shabbir – Google Scholar
Linkedin Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/maryam-shabbir-b409a270
Reviewer bio
Mr Ivan Kahwa is a chemist and phytopharmaceutical scientist with expertise in chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and Nanobiotechnology. He writes and reviews content on these topics.
Mr Ivan Kahwa’s Highlights:
Guest Researcher at the University of Leipzig, Senior Research Fellow/Scientist, and Lecturer at the Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
Professional Experience:
Mr Ivan joined PHARMBIOTRAC as a research fellow/scientist during his master of science tenure. He contributed to the development of most of the phytopharmaceutical products in the project. Furthermore, he participated in carrying out the pharmacological activities of the developed products in laboratory animals such as mice and rats in order to develop proper doses hence leading to pre-clinical studies.
With the above relevant research experience, Ivan started to work with the University of Leipzig on collaborative projects with Mbarara University to develop the chemistry of Ugandan Medicinal plants and their pharmacological activities. This was coupled with several consultative positions by different German NGOs. Mr. Kahwa is also a supporting in the teaching and learning at the Departments of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
With the increase in antimicrobial resistance globally, Ivan retooled his thinking towards developing new naturally derived antibiotic regimens from Ugandan propolis with the assistance of nanotechnology to improve their delivery to microbial cells. Kahwa has also published over 28 articles in peer-reviewed journals and he is currently reviewing for many journals.
Education:
2023-2027: PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences (ongoing) with a focus on Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Nanobiology at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
2022: 2Msc. in Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine Science at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
2018: Bachelor of Science (Chemistry) at Mbarara University of Science and Technology.
Publications:
▪ Iqbal, S., Jabeen, F., Kahwa, I., & Omara, T. 2023. Suberosin Alleviates Thiazolidinedione-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Modulation of ACSL4-LPCAT3 and PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathways. Cardiovascular Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12012-023-09804-7
▪ Gupta, A. K., Yadav, R., Sharma, S., Sawale, J., & Kahwa, I. 2023. Anti-ageing Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Methanol Extracts of Leaves and Flowers of Salvia officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 15(3), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.5530/jyp.2023.15.60
▪ Tolo, C.U., Kahwa, I., Nuwagira, U., Weisheit, A. and Ikiriza, H., 2023. Medicinal plants used in treatment of various diseases in the Rwenzori Region, Western Uganda. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, pp.1-16.
https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/4683
▪ Kahwa, I., Ajayi, C.O., Yadav, R., Chauhan, N.S., Shah, K., Abdelgadir, A.A., Shegena, E.A., Daniel, S., Omara, T., Asiimwe, J.B. and Ikiriza, H., 2023. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies as an invaluable approach for correct identification of medicinal plants: The case of Artemisia vulgaris L. substituted for Artemisia annua L. in Western Uganda. TMR Integr Med, 7, p.e23004.
https://doi.org/10.53388/TMRIM202307004
▪ Nalimu, F., Oloro, J., Kahwa, I. and Ogwang, P.E., 2021. Review on the phytochemistry and toxicological profiles of Aloe vera and Aloe ferox. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, pp.1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00296-2
▪ Elamin, O.H.S., Ali, M.A., Elgezuli, I.A.A., Bashir, M.A. and Kahwa, I., 2021. Diagnosis of pre-and post-treatment of echinococcus granulosus with counter current immune electrophoresis and bacterial co-agglutination. Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 11(02), pp.88-94.
https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.951600
Published book Chapter
▪ Kahwa, I., Ayesiga, I., Nakalema, S., Alinaiswe, R., Mbabazi, R. and Iqbal, S., 2023. Natural products in the management of onchocerciasis. In Natural Products in Vector-Borne Disease Management (pp. 63-80). Academic Press. Book Chapter.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91942-5.00012-4
Submitted manuscripts Under Review:
▪ Comparison of the Wound Healing Activity of the Leaf and Leaf Ash Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina in Rats. Journal name: Clinical Phytoscience
▪ Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal plants used in the management of cancer in Uganda. Journal name: Journal of Herbal Medicine
▪ Ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical screening of medicinal plants used in treatment of epilepsy by PROMETRA-Uganda Traditional Health Practitioners in Mpigi District, Uganda. Journal name: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Submitted book chapters under review
1.Book title: Algae as a Natural Solution for Water-Food-Energy Nexus, Section 4: Microalgae and cyanobacteria for food applications, Chapter 4.6: Safety, toxicological and allergenic aspects of using algae for food. Authors: Christine Kyarimpa, Tom Omute, Caroline K. Nakiguli, Alice V. Khanakwa4, Christopher Angiro, Ivan Kahwa, Fortunate Ahumuza, Timothy Omara*. Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore.
2.Book title: Nutraceuticals Inspiring the Contemporary Therapy for Lifestyle Diseases. Chapter: Nutraceutical applications of Seaweeds and their Phytocompounds in Nutrition and Treatment of Diseases. Authors: Ivan Kahwa, Timothy Omara , Innocent Ayesiga , Gael Noel Neh Neba Ambe , Zehbanaz Javidbhai Panwala , Rachel Mbabazi , Shabnoor Iqbal , Christine Kyarimpa , Christine Betty Nagawa , Kamal Shah ,Nagendra Singh Chauhan* Publisher: CRC Press
You can view my works on the following professional sites:
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivan-Kahwa
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tOwrvqoAAAAJ&hl=en
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-3437
Linkedin: https://de.linkedin.com/in/ivan-kahwa-865450159
In this article, we will discuss whether Prozac can help you overcome the feeling of jealousy or not. Prozac, sold under the generic name of fluoxetine, is an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) antidepressant. It is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and other forms of depression and anxiety.
Does Prozac help with jealousy?
Yes, Prozac may help with jealousy in some cases. Various clinical studies and trials have established that the use of Prozac can cause complete remission of jealousy at a dose between 40 mg to 60 mg/day. Depending upon the severity of the condition, sometimes the dose can be increased to more than 60 mg/day. Since obsession and jealousy often respond to SSRI, Prozac can help you get over your jealousy and anxiety and improve your quality of life.
When Prozac can be used for jealousy?
Prozac is recommended for patients who suffer from depression. However, Peter Karamer’s book, Listening to Prozac, discusses the phenomena of ‘cosmetic psychopharmacology’ in which Prozac ‘cures’ personality flaws such as jealousy, shyness, perfectionism, fear of intimacy, and lack of confidence. Not surprisingly, psychiatrists prescribing Prozac for these purposes have come under fire from doctors and pundits alike.
However, various clinical reports and patient experiences have established that Prozac can help with overcoming feelings of jealousy associated with depression and anxiety. The type of jealousy in which Prozac might be helpful includes:
- Pathological jealousy
- Retroactive jealousy OCD
How is Prozac’s mechanism of action connected with jealousy?
It is well-established that patients suffering from OCD have low serotonin levels, which may contribute to excessive anxiety. When it comes to love, a deficiency of serotonin may lead to obsessive, irrationally jealous behaviour in some patients. As Prozac reduces the uptake of serotonin at the presynaptic serotonin neuron, it increases the level of serotonin. This might help the patients with jealousy to have a balanced availability of neurotransmitters and help them cope with the episodes of jealousy.
Can Prozac help with pathological jealousy?
A psychiatric condition known as pathological jealousy occurs when a person believes, in delusion, that their spouse or sexual partner is disloyal. Such a condition is also known as delusional jealousy, morbid jealousy, or Othello syndrome (1).
Prozac has also been recommended in a case report where the subject experiences pathological jealousy along with posttraumatic eating disorder (PTFD). In PTFD the patient refuses to eat and it usually occurs due to a traumatic event to the oropharynx and oesophagus. The Prozac was started at a lower dose of 5 mg/day and showed promising effects on pathological jealousy (2).
Some clinical data also suggest a lower effect of Prozac on pathological jealousy. In one case study, the addition of Prozac with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) showed substantial improvement in skin picking and other associated symptoms. However, the subject showed no improvement in pathological jealousy or internet addiction at the daily dose of Prozac at 20 mg/day (3).
Can Prozac help with jealousy associated with OCD?
Retroactive jealousy OCD is the condition in which obsessive and intrusive thoughts over a partner’s previous romantic or sexual experiences cause jealousy in the other partner. Even though the incidents in issue happened a long time before the current relationship started, these thoughts might cause extremely strong feelings of jealousy, insecurity, and anxiety.
An OCD sufferer could develop an obsession with a friend or coworker who they feel is superior to them in some way. This may also lead to jealousy, feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem (4).
An earlier case study reported that such jealousy completely disappeared in a subject using Prozac 60 mg/day. Prozac proved to be more successful in minimizing jealousy as compared to imipramine which could only lower the phase of depression (5).
In another case study, the subject showed a substantial decrease in the degree of obsession, compulsion, jealousy and fear of losing her partner. In this study, the Prozac dose was increased from 20 mg to 80 mg/day at the time of discharge. The patient otherwise presented with a severe case of OCD and jealousy. The authors stressed conducting focused studies on the many forms of obsessional jealousy arising from neurological and clinical presentation (6).
A case report also indicated the use of Prozac in a female who experienced obsessive jealousy along with bilateral basal ganglia infarctions. The patient showed improvement in obsessive jealousy and OCD at the dose of 40 mg of Prozac and her depression also faded away with time (7).
Similarly, a patient experiencing obsession with harming someone and killing her husband also presented with the symptoms of Parkinsonism. The OCD of the subject was successfully treated with Prozac and improvement in parkinsonism was observed with dose administration of amantadine and vitamin E (7).
Can Prozac change the mood and cause jealousy?
Prozac has a lot of advantages, but it also has drawbacks. Common adverse effects include emotional blunting, anxiety, dizziness, erectile dysfunction, insomnia, and stomach problems. While some of these effects could be damaging to a relationship, the most stressful ones may be physical changes and sexual dysfunction.
In addition, fluctuations in weight can make the partner taking Prozac feel self-conscious or uneasy about their appearance. These indirect effects, not jealousy, can cause problems in your relationship. The partner’s shifting sexual lives may make them feel ejected or even guilty about how it is affecting their relationship.
What are the alternative approaches to managing jealousy?
Lifestyle choices and decisions can help to manage or avoid retroactive jealousy OCD by doing the following things:
- Constant contact with the partner,
- Meditation,
- Participation in support groups,
- Consulting a therapist.
Patients can be given cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP). Exposure therapy encourages the patient to confront their anxieties rather than depending on safety behaviours such as asking the partner for reassurance. These rituals may feel beneficial at the time, but they may increase anxiety and jealousy.
Conclusion
You can use Prozac in adjunct therapy for treating OCD and other associated states of depression and anxiety. It might be beneficial in reducing the episodes of jealousy in one person, while others might require an increased dose to cope with such factors. Always consult your doctor or physician before taking Prozac for any of the disease states. The dose of the drug might vary with different disease conditions.
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References
1.-
Ortigue S, Bianchi-Demicheli F. Intention, false beliefs, and delusional jealousy: Insights into the right hemisphere from neurological patients and neuroimaging studies. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2011;17(1):RA1.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3524690/pdf/medscimonit-17-1-ra1.pdf
2.-
Ulu E, Demirci E, Özmen S. Anxiety disorders accompanying eating refusal: case report. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018;28:207-.https://www.proquest.com/openview/f8be66109a2ecc59daf86b4074b455f2/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=28708
3.-
Silva-Netto R, Jesus G, Nogueira M, Tavares H. N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of skin-picking disorder. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014 Jan;36:101-. https://www.scielo.br/j/rbp/a/Gb6RhrybvxBH9vPbS8xdkWc/
4.-
Sheikhmoonesi F. Obsessional jealousy: A narrative literature review. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. 2017 Dec 31;11(4).https://brieflands.com/articles/ijpbs-7273.html
5.-
Lane RD. Successful fluoxetine treatment of pathologic jealousy. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 1990 Aug 1;51(8):345-6.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2380161/
6.-
Pasupuleti S, Rayachoti BS. Obsessive Jealousy Masquerading as Delusional Disorder. Indian Journal of Private Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 31;15(2):101-2. https://www.ijiapp.com/abstractArticleContentBrowse/IJPP/26295/JPJ/fullText
7.-
Chacko RC, Corbin MA, Harper RG. Acquired obsessive-compulsive disorder associated with basal ganglia lesions. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 2000 May;12(2):269-72. https://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdf/10.1176/jnp.12.2.269
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