Can Trazodone cause Hypnic Jerks?(3+ remedies)

In this article, we will discuss the possible mechanisms causing Trazodone-induced hypnic jerks, who are at risk of this side effect and its management in light of the recent research studies.

Can Trazodone cause hypnic jerks?

Yes, Trazodone can cause hypnic jerks; however, it is a rare side effect of using this widely prescribed antidepressant. Hypnic jerks refer to involuntary muscle contractions in one’s sleep (1). Painless as it may be, it can be quite upsetting for patients.

Trazodone is an antidepressant medication that is used in the management of depression and sleep disorders such as insomnia. While it is an effective medication, Trazodone, like any other medication, has potential side effects such as hypnic jerks (2).

Trazodone-induced hypnic jerk also, referred to as sleep starts or sleep myoclonus is often accompanied by symptoms such as sweating, rapid breathing, a rapid heartbeat, vivid dreaming, hallucinations and a feeling of falling into the void (1).

What does research suggest?

There is limited research data available for establishing a direct relationship between Trazodone and hypnic jerks (3,4). Most clinical studies have listed hypnic jerks as a rare side effect. Studies have related the occurrence of this side effect to Trazodone’s impact on neurotransmitters and sleep architecture (3).

Some of the proposed mechanisms by which Trazodone induces hypnic jerks include:

• Serotonin Modulation: Trazodone is classified as a Serotonin Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor (SARI). It works by increasing serotonin neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Changes in Serotonin levels influence the sleep-wake cycle, potentially affecting the timing of hypnic jerks (4,5). Additionally, Trazodone’s effect on serotonin receptors may influence the control of muscle tone in the sleep-wake cycle, potentially causing hypnic jerks (5).

• Alteration of Sleep Stages: Trazodone may alter sleep architecture by affecting sleep stages, such as the transition from wakefulness to light sleep (5). This predisposes you to Trazodone-induced hypnic jerks.

• Sedation and Muscle Relaxation: Trazodone’s sedative effects often cause muscle relaxation but may also cause brief periods of muscle activation. These shifts in muscle tone may result in sudden unexpected movements, such as hypnic jerks (1,4,5).

• Other potential triggers: Other factors precipitating hypnic jerks include nightmares, anxiety, stress, sleep deprivation and stimulants such as caffeine (3).

Who is more likely to experience hypnic jerks on Trazodone?

Different people respond differently to medications depending on their physiological responses. Some patients may be more prone to developing Hypnic jerks while taking Trazodone due to sensitivity to medications or a history of neurological, sleep and mental health disorders.

Patients who have a history of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism, Multiple Sclerosis, Stroke, Brain tumours and Insomnia are predisposed to experience hypnic jerks (6).

This highlights the importance of personalized medical assessment and monitoring while using Trazodone.

Remedies for alleviating Trazodone-induced hypnic jerks:

To manage this side effect, you can try the following: (1,3)

• Improved Sleep Hygiene – Keeping a regular sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment and winding down before bedtime minimize the likelihood of hypnic jerks occurrence.

• Reduce stimulant intake – Limiting or avoiding stimulants such as caffeine and nicotine intake, particularly in the hours leading to bedtime, reduces the risk of disrupting sleep patterns and exacerbating hypnic jerks.

• Physical activity – Exercising in moderation, particularly during the day, can promote better sleep and reduce the likelihood of hypnic jerks.

• Behavioural techniques – Practicing relaxation techniques before bedtime such as yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, and deep breathing exercises, reduces anxiety and muscle tension that could precipitate hypnic jerks.

• Dosage adjustments – If the hypnic jerks persist, your healthcare provider will recommend dose adjustments of Trazodone to avoid Trazodone withdrawal syndrome.

• Consulting your healthcare provider – Your healthcare provider may recommend switching to an alternative medication with less likelihood of precipitating or worsening hypnic jerks. Additionally, your healthcare provider will advise you to take Trazodone earlier in the evening rather than right before bedtime to reduce incidences of hypnic jerks.

While these management strategies may help reduce the frequency or intensity, your healthcare provider will provide personalized guidance tailored to your specific needs.

Conclusion:

If Trazodone-induced hypnic jerks do not subside, you should consult your healthcare provider. These side effects are generally harmless and are expected to resolve after discontinuation of Trazodone.

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